Sessions & Tracks
Track 1. Adrenal endocrine disorders:
The adrenal glands are located just over the kidneys and produce three major hormones, two of which originate within the external adrenal cortex (cortisol and aldosterone) and the other from the internal adrenal medulla (epinephrine).
Types of Endocrine Disorders:
Adrenal insufficiency:. The adrenal gland releases as well small of the hormone cortisol and sometimes, aldosterone. Symptoms contain fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes. Addison's disease is a type of adrenal insufficiency.
Cushing's disease: Overproduction of a pituitary hormones leads to an overactive of adrenal gland. A similar disorder called Cushing's syndrome may occur in the individuals, especially in children, who take high doses of corticosteroid medications.
Track 2. Challenges of Endocrinology:
Rodent models have been widely used in endocrinology but there are concerns regarding their utilize as models of these new human conditions that are a consequence of metabolic disorders related to gene–environment interactions. Laboratories utilize genetically homogeneous rat colonies and hence look at the effect of exposures on a single genotype. Human populations in any case contain infinitely changed genotypes which can react in many different ways to the same exposures; even in the most obesogenic environment only a few individuals become obese. In expansion the standard rodent experiment compares an intervention gather to an untreated control the group. These control creatures however live a sedentary life with nonstop access to food, inside kept holders in standardized conditions with constant day–night cycles and hence no environmental stimuli. Endocrinology is now central to the major current health issues of aging, population control, and the pandemics of obesity, diabetes, and cancer.
Track 3.Genomic endocrinology:
The advent of molecular biology has now transformed the landscape in endocrinology. From the early days of molecular endocrinology, when techniques such as Southern blotching were utilized to detect huge deletions, through the presentation of PCR and sequencing with the distinguishing proof of variations in single qualities, and at last to the show day when the centre is moving to entire genome sequencing and identification of epigenetic influences on phenotypic expression, characterises an increase in our knowledge and understanding of the genomic processes underlying normality and disease evolution. However, with increasingly advanced methods becoming accessible, the challenges facing genomic and molecular endocrinology will become increasingly complex. They will attempt to examine a few of these challenges, which ideally will be bring out in future issues of Frontiers in Genomic Endocrinology
Track 4.Covid 19 and Endocrinology:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to exert a significant impact on global health care systems, causing devastating mortality and morbidity. As time passes and our understanding of this novel respiratory virus extends, it is increasingly clear that its effects extend beyond that of the respiratory system. The coronavirus is responsible for COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, gets cellular access through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor in a process requiring the trans membrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) protein. Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are widely expressed in many endocrine glands. This, beside several case reports of thyroid and pituitary disruption in patients with COVID-19, has resulted in significant interest in its impact on the endocrine system. Indeed, as mortality is decreased by the increasing availability of effective vaccines, there's increasing focus on the long-term effects on health in COVID-19 survivors.
Track 5.Current Advances in Endocrinology Metabolism:
Current Advances in the Endocrinology & Metabolism could be a monthly current literature searching service which is fast, comprehensive, economical and easy to use. It enables pure and applied scientists to keep side by side of the ever-increasing literature being published in their subject area, by providing a subject categorized posting of titles, authors, bibliographic details and authors' addresses.
Major subject areas covered include: Nitrogen metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism; Lipid metabolism; Receptor transduction mechanisms; Hypothalamic hormones; Endogenous opioids; Anterior pituitary gland; Back pituitary gland; Thyroid gland; Adrenal cortex; Adrenal medulla; Sex steroids; Endocrine pancreas; Gastrointestinal hormones; Autocoids; Metabolic regulation in specific organ destinations; Biochemistry and physiology of reproduction; Energy adjust and nutrition; Applied biochemistry and physiology; Impacts of disorders on metabolism; Comparative biochemistry and physiology.
Track 6. EDCs (Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals):
Several chemicals, both natural and artificial, may same or interfere with the body’s hormones, known as the endocrine system. Called endocrine disruptors, these chemicals are connected with formative, regenerative, brain, safe, and other problems. Endocrine disruptors are found in many everyday products, including a few plastic bottles and containers, inside layer of metal food cans, detergents, flame retardants, food, toys, cosmetics, and pesticides. Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals are slow to break-down in the atmosphere. That characteristic makes them possibly hazardous over time. Endocrine disrupting chemicals cause adverse impacts in animals. But limited scientific information exists on potential health issues in humans. Because people are ordinarily exposed to multiple endocrine disruptors at the same time, assessing open wellbeing impacts is difficult.
Track 7.Endocrine Glands and Hormones:
Adrenal glands secretes Aldosterone and it Regulates salt, water balance, and blood pressure.
Pituitary gland secretes Corticosteroid and it Controls key capacities in the body; acts as an anti-inflammatory; maintains blood sugar levels, blood weight, and muscle strength; regulates salt and water balance Pituitary gland secretes Oxytocin it Stimulates contraction of uterus and milk ducts within the breast.. Pancreas secretes Glucagon it raises Raises blood sugar levels. Ovaries secretes Estrogen Affects development of female sexual characteristics and reproductive development, important for functioning of uterus and breasts; also protects bone health. Pineal gland secretes Melatonin it Releases melatonin during night hours to help with sleep. Thymus secretes Humoral variables and it Helps to develop the lymphoid system.
Track 8.Endocrine Tumours and Neoplasia:
• Thyroid cancer is the most common type of endocrine cancer, diagnosed in about 64,000 people each year. • Endocrine cancer can also influence the pancreas, which is an organ in the belly. • Neuroendocrine tumours are endocrine tumors that also affect the nervous system. Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are heterogeneous tumors with a common phenotype. There are two fundamentally different groups of NENs: well-differentiated, low-proliferating NENs, called neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) or carcinoids, and poorly separated, highly proliferating NENs, called little- or large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). This NEN dichotomy is likely due to an origin from different neuroendocrine progenitor cells.
Track 9.Endocrinology: Male & Female Reproductive Health:
Reproductive health refers the condition of male and female reproductive systems during all life stages. These systems are made of organs and hormone-producing glands, including pituitary gland in the brain. Ovaries in females and testicles in males are reproductive organs, or gonads, maintain health of their respective systems. They also function as glands as they produce and release hormones
Female Reproductive Endocrinology:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), menopausal symptoms, and other endocrine conditions affecting women’s health often fly under the radar. PCOS is the most common cause of an ovulatory infertility; ∼ 90–95% of an ovulatory ladies seeking treatment for fruitlessness have PCOS . Ladies may learn they have PCOS only after seeking infertility treatment. Most ladies with PCOS have raised levels of luteinizing hormone and reduced levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), coupled with elevated levels of androgens and insulin . These imbalances can show as oligo menorrhea or amenorrhea (rare or lack of menstruation). Underproduction of estrogen and overproduction of androgens (testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and androstenedione) by the ovaries can result in a number of additional clinical highlights, including minor cysts on the surface of the ovaries (polycysts) and hair and skin symptoms (9). Ladies with PCOS who become pregnant are at higher risk than those without PCOS of of developing gestational diabetes mellitus or suffering a first-trimester spontaneous abortion
Male Reproductive Endocrinology
Male sexual development and hormonal function depends on a complex feedback circuit involving Hypothalamus-pituitary-testes modulated by the central nervous system.Testes synthesize two important products: testosterone, needed for the development and maintenance of many physiological functions; and sperm, needed for the male fertility. The synthesis of both products is regulated by the endocrine hormones produced in hypothalamus and pituitary, as well as locally within the testis. Testosterone plays a vital role for sperm production; however both testosterone and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) are needed for ideal testicular development and maximal sperm production. Sperm are produced through the extraordinarily complex and dynamic handle of spermatogenesis that requires co-operation between multiple testicular cell types.
Track 10. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology:
The cellular and molecular endocrinology research group in the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition-Research investigates the broad group of endocrine-related conditions. These areas of research include:
• Amyloid formation in type 2 diabetes and the regulation of growth hormone gene expression
• Autoimmune thyroid disease
• Bone metabolism
• Calcium in atherogenesis
• Growth factor regulation
• Molecular medicine approaches in cancer treatment
• Muscle metabolism and aging
Track 11. Neuroendocrinology:
Neuroendocrinology is the branch of science (specifically of physiology) which studies the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system; i.e. how the brain regulates the hormonal activity in the body The anxious and endocrine systems often act together in a handle called neuroendocrine integration, to regulate the physiological forms of the human body. Neuroendocrinology emerged from the recognition that the brain, particularly the hypothalamus, controls secretion of pituitary gland hormones, and has in this way extended to explore various interconnections of the endocrine and nervous systems.
Track 12.Steroid Hormones and Receptors:
Steroid hormone receptors are found in the nucleus, cytosol, and also on the plasma layer of target cells. They are generally intracellular receptors (typically cytoplasmic or nuclear) and initiate flag transduction for steroid hormones which lead to changes in gene expression over a time period of hours to days. The best studied steroid hormone receptors are members of the nuclear receptor subfamily 3 (NR3) that include receptors for estrogen (gather NR3A)and 3-ketosteroids (group NR3C). In addition to atomic receptors, several G protein-coupled receptors and particle channels act as cell surface receptors for certain steroid hormones
Track 13.Thyroid Disorders:
Thyroid disorders are the conditions that affect thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped gland in front of the neck. The thyroid has an important part to regulate various metabolic forms all through the body. Different types of thyroid disorders affect either its structure or function. The thyroid gland is located below Adam's apple wrapped around the trachea (windpipe). A thin area of tissue within the gland's middle, known as the isthmus, joins the two thyroid lobes on each side. The thyroid uses iodine to deliver vital hormones. Thyroxine, also known as T4, is the primary hormone delivered by the gland. After delivery through the bloodstream to the body's tissues, a small portion of the T4 released from the gland is converted to triiodothyronine (T3), which is the most active hormone.
Track 14.Epidemiology of Diabetes:
Globally, an estimated 463 million adults are living with diabetes, according to the latest 2019 data from the International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes prevalence is increasing quickly; past 2017 gauges put the number at 425 million people living with diabetes. The number is projected to almost double by 2030.Type 2 diabetes makes up almost 85-90% of all cases. Increases within the overall diabetes prevalence rates generally reflect an increase in risk factors for sort 2, notably greater life span and being overweight or obese. Diabetes mellitus occurs throughout the world, but is more common (especially sort 2) in the more created nations. The greatest increase in prevalence is, however, happening in low- and middle-income countries including in Asia and Africa, where most patients will probably be found by 2030 The increase in rate in creating nations follows the trend of urbanization and lifestyle changes, counting progressively sedentary lifestyles, less physically demanding work and the global nutrition transition, marked by expanded intake of nourishments that are tall energy-dense but nutrient-poor (often tall in sugar and immersed fats, sometimes referred to as the Western pattern diet). The hazard of getting type 2 diabetes has been widely found to be related with lower socio-economic positions over the nations.
Track 15.Diabetes Diet Eating and Physical Activity:
Nutrition and physical activity are the important parts of a healthy lifestyle when you have diabetes. Following a healthy dinner can plan and being an active can help you keep the blood glucose level, also called blood sugar, in your target run. To manage your blood glucose level, you need to balance what you eat and drink with physical activity and diabetes medicine. What you select to eat, how much you eat, and after you eat are all important in keeping your blood glucose level. Becoming more active and making changes in what you eat and drink can seem challenging you at first. You may find it as easier to start with small changes and can get the help from your family, friends, and health care team.
Track 16.Diabetes Mellitus:
Diabetes is a condition that results from lack of the hormone insulin in a person's blood, or when the body has a problem utilizing the insulin it produces (affront resistance). There is another disease with a similar name, diabetes insipidus, however, they are not related. When people say "diabetes", they usually cruel diabetes mellitus. People with diabetes Mellitus are called "diabetics". Glucose is not regular sugar that is available in stores and supermarkets. Glucose is a natural carbohydrate that our bodies use as a source of energy. The kind of sugar sold in supermarkets is called sucrose, and is much different from glucose. High concentrations of glucose can be found in soft drinks and fruits.
Track 17.Advanced Treatment for Diabetes:
Despite the known benefits of a healthy lifestyle, many individuals find it difficult to preserve such a lifestyle in our modern world, which facilitates sedentary behaviour and overeating. As a consequence, the prevalence of sort 2 diabetes mellitus is predicted to increase dramatically over the coming years. The various lines of research can be grouped into three main categories: technological, biological, and pharmacological. Technological solutions are centered on the delivery of insulin and glucagon through an artificial pancreas, and components of the system are already in utilize, suggesting this option could be accessible inside the next 10 years. However, significant progress has been made in these ranges, and extra research suggests manipulating other cell sorts to replace beta cells may be a viable option in the longer term. The last category, pharmacological research, appears the most promising for significantly reducing the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Track 18.Cardiovascular Endocrinology:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a group of illnesses affecting the heart and blood arteries. Coronary artery diseases (CAD), such as angina and myocardial infarction, are included in CVD (commonly known as a heart attack) Stroke, heart failure, hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, irregular heart rhythms, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis are some of the other CVDs. Depending on the ailment, the underlying mechanisms differ. Dietary risk factors are thought to be linked to 53 percent of CVD deaths. Atherosclerosis is seen in coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. High blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor food, excessive alcohol use, and poor sleep, to name a few factors, can all contribute to this.
Track 19.Endocrine Complications of Diabetes:
Disorders of endocrine system are often related with diabetes mellitus. Overproduction of hormones with hyperglycaemic effect, for example that of growth hormone or cortisol, can lead to impaired glucose tolerance or indeed to actuate manifestation of diabetes mellitus. Autoimmune character of some endocrinopathies is a well-known cause of diabetes mellitus type 1 and also of the thyroid organ involvement. Diabetes mellitus, especially with a poor glycaemic control, influences various functions of endocrine organs. The most visit disturbances are the lull of the growth in children and adolescents and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis dysfunction in women.
Track 20.Biomarkers for Diabetes:
Biomarkers are conventionally defined as ‘biological molecules that represent health and disease states. They typically are measured in readily available body fluids (blood or urine), lie exterior the causal pathway, are able to detect sub-clinical disease, and used to monitor clinical and sub-clinical disease burden and response to the treatments. Biomarkers can be direct endpoints of the disease itself, or indirect or surrogate endpoints. New advances (such as metabolomics, proteomics, and genomics) bring a wealth of opportunity to create modern biomarkers. Other new advances enable the development of non-molecular, functional or bio-physical tissue-based biomarkers. Diabetes mellitus may be a complex disease affecting almost every tissue and organ system, with metabolic consequences amplifying far beyond impeded glucose metabolism. Biomarkers may reflect the presence and severity of hyperglycaemia (i.e. diabetes )or the presence and severity of vascular complications of diabetes.
Track 21.Endocrinology and Endocrine Toxicology:
Endocrine toxicity results when a chemical interferes with the blend, discharge, transport, digestion system, authoritative action, or elimination of hormones fundamental for endocrine functions resulting in loss of ordinary tissue function, development, growth, or reproduction. Endocrine signalling occurs in feedback mechanism in which the central nervous system initiates the signalling via the hypothalamus. Hormones produced by the hypothalamus act on the pituitary, which secretes additional harm.